This study examines how the geographical identity of the Korean Peninsula was formed in the early-modern, that is, Joseon Dynasty period, and what characteristics it had. The elements that made up the perception of the land have been summarised into just four elements: mountains, rivers, roads, and settlements. Among these, an important feature was the integration of physical geography and human geography, with mountains (including watersheds, leading from Mt. Baekdu) representing nature, and roads representing human geography. Such integrated geographical identity was systematised and explained by scholars that valued both theory (such as Fengshui thought) and practice in the eighteenth century, called Silhak. Therefore, the identity of land that merged human and physical geography was both a national identity and a means to recognise the coordinates of the land. Behind this recognition was a strong attachment to territory and boundaries, stemming from geopolitical factors such as asserting national borders internationally, which was at work work in the cultural politics of the government (imperial court) level cultural politics.